A method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) for steel strip image segmentation was presented. Considered the traditional markov method is hard to get good effect in global optimization solution. the particle swarm optimization is used to enhance search capacity in the multi-dimensional space and determine the parameters of markov random field to optimize the objective function... https://mysocialfeeder.com/story4381217/red%C3%A9finition-des-r%C3%A9cits-urbains-analyse-de-deux-d%C3%A9placements-du-centre-politique-de-macap%C3%A1-1944-et-1967